PU/PD When Your Pet Won't Stop Drinking

Polyuria and polydipsia  (PU/PD) are the medical terms for excessive urination and drinking in dogs and cats. It is a common problem, and, in many cases, a sign of a serious disease. Usually pet owners notice accidents in the house. Cat litter boxes become soaked in a few days and the water bowls seem to empty too fast. Pets may appear relatively normal or show vague signs of illness, but they are always thirsty. 

Young pets (especially puppies) which drink excessively might be affected by congenital and other problems related to kidney and water metabolism. Puppies are known to have behavioral compulsive drinking which they usually out grow. 

PU/PD is common in older pets as a symptom of age-related diseases. Kidney failure and diabetes mellitus as well as Cushing's Disease in dogs and hyperthyroidism in cats account for the majority of the cases. These are all very serious diseases that require managed treatment for life.  Mature and older unspayed females are predisposed to pyometra, a purulent, life threatening infection of the uterus. Liver diseases, cancer and brain tumors are other diseases that may induce PU/PD. 

Whenever you notice excessive drinking and urination in your pet, remember how serious it can be and promptly seek the help of your veterinarian. Based on the history and the physical exam, your vet will run additional tests (blood test, urine test, x-rays and more) in order to diagnose the problem. Sometimes additional, more specialized tests are needed (hormone levels and assays, ultrasound etc.). Once the diagnosis is confirmed, appropriate treatment can be prescribed. Remember that most diseases are chronic and require long term daily treatment and monitoring which means lifestyle restrictions and modifications. 

Since the above mentioned diseases are so common and early detection can save lives, make sure to include blood and urine tests in your pet's periodic wellness exams. This practice is especially recommended for adult and older pets.